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- "In a review for the FAO-IPOA, Evans (2000) explains that considerable progress could be made in accounting for IUU fishing by simply improving monitoring and data collection programs"
- suggest using "satellite imagery vessel detection systems" to get more data
- Statistical Methods
- Compare catch data to trade data
- Estimate IUU: estimate number of unregulated boats, extrapolate catch rates
- "reliant on the collection of a complex array effort and catch data"
- assumes that legal fishing is representative of IUU
- Model Methods
- population models: use survey data and CPUE, find difference between predicted mortality rate and actual mortality rate
- result could just be that the model was not totally accurate for a given year
- "quasi-quantitative Monte-Carlo integration": all data on UFM is combined into one analysis. "Each regieme is scored with respect to its influence on under-reporting; the values being based on available data"
- They cite Ainsworth and Pitcher, 2005; Pitcher et al, 2002; Pitcher and Watson, 2000
- What does ^^ even mean?
- models of IUU behavior; surveillance encounter probabilities: consider that a surveillance ship finding a fishing ship (either leagl or not) is a "random sample." Use this to extrapolate and estimate total IUU levels. (also needs to consider that IUU boats will avoid detection more than legal boats)
Note: population model method will give a confidence interval
- population models: use survey data and CPUE, find difference between predicted mortality rate and actual mortality rate
Discards
- 1994 FAO estimates are 19.9 to 39.5 megatonnes of global catch were discarded (that about 30% of the total catch)
- estimate downgraded to 20 megatonnes in 1998; then 7.3 megatonnes in 2005 (8% global catch) (recent estimates not comparable--different methods)
- EU Data Collection Regulation (Commission Regulation) #1639/2001 has something to do with reporting discards
- "Still difficult to determine the accuracy...in most discard estimations"
- Calculating: direct (stand on the boat and count) or indirect:
- estimation of small fish discards made by comparing length measurements from on