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China has established legal management system for marine resource protection. It's general principle is "conservation first, appropriate exploitation and sustaintable development". "Procedures for the administration of marine reserves" is the policy for marine reserve. \[4\] |
Problems:
1.) The efficiency inefficiency of the management system constrains protection.
The system is divided into national level, provincial level and municipal levellevels, and above each level, there are many departments in charge of the management. Various departments have their own management structure and funding sources. Each department is only actively developing part of the department's protected areas, which leads to competition between departments, redundant construction, fragmentation and overall inefficiency. Whether at the national level or in the provincial and municipal levels, it is difficult to achieve the unity of the construction of protected areas planning.
2.) The contradictions between Protection and Development
As a developing country with a large fish demand, the contradiction is notable. Unlike inland nature reserves, marine reserves are divided into different areas for protection and exploitation. Though the main goal is protection, it is confliction to exploitation somewhat. an apparent conflict of interest to have areas under protection used for both protection and exploitation.
3.) Most protected areas do not have adequate funding, so protection and management is difficult to implement.
The central government only supports national level reserves. Funding for other reserves comes from local government. Because of this, some of the underdevelopment region is underdeveloped regions are not capable to operate of operating effective management. Most of the funds are only for basic facilitates, but rarely for scientific research. Independent scientific research in these areas is very limited. Due to the lack of operational funds, the hard conditions and the high cost of management, the effectiveness of the management of marine reserves is therefore greatly reduced.
4.) The overall layout of marine reserves stays to be improved
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The system needs to be changed in future. All of the reserves must be under the central government's control, not the local government's. But for short period, it is not that applicable. The temporary solution would be: setting up a team with members from all the departments in charge of marine reserves now. Its goal is would be connecting all the departments to make the management more effective and practical.
2.) The overall objective of development of marine nature reserve should explicitly include conservation and development.
The goal must be clear in the regulations and policies. Both the local people and the region's economic interests and the natural ecological protection should be taken into consideration.
(1) As to China's rapid tourism development, the institute proposes to research to develop the marine nature reserves into eco-tourism spots and improve the development of tourism management capacity.
(2) Utilizing the research within the reserves to help develop ecological aquaculture of surrounding communities.
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