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-A developing country with long coastline (18,000 km) and large fish demand.
-Freshwater resources rank 6 6th in the world, but the resources per capita is only one four fourth of the world's average due to large population. (1) GDP*:* Chinese Information Office 1998)
-GDP: $10.17 trillion (2006 est.)
Political style: communism, strict government control.
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China has established legal management system for marine resource protection. Its general principle is "conservation first, appropriate exploitation and sustainable development" (Xue 2005).Wiki Markup
Problems:
1.) The inefficiency of the management system constrains protection.
The system is divided into national, provincial and municipal levels, and above each level , there are many departments in charge of the managementthere is a very complex bureaucracy. Various departments have their own management structure and funding sources. Each department is only actively developing part of the department's protected areas, which leads to competition between departments, redundant construction, fragmentation and overall inefficiency. Whether at the national level or in the provincial and municipal levels, it is difficult to achieve the unity of the construction of protected areas planning.
2.) The contradictions between Protection and Development
As a developing country with a large fish demand, the contradiction is notable. Unlike inland nature reserves, marine reserves are divided into different areas for protection and exploitation. Though it This is an apparent conflict of interest to have areas under protection used for both protection and exploitation.
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The central government only supports national level reserves. Funding for other reserves comes from local government. Because of this, some of the underdeveloped regions are not capable of operating effective management. Most of the funds are only for basic facilitates, but rarely for scientific research. Independent scientific research in these areas is very limited. Due to the lack of operational funds, the hard conditions and the high cost of management, the effectiveness of the management of marine reserves is therefore greatly reduced.
4.) The overall layout of marine reserves stays to be improved
China's state-level distribution of marine nature reserve is extremely uneven; concentrated distribution is a very prominent phenomenon: There are seven national level marine reserves in the northeast side of the Bohai Strait; eight in the southwest of the Beibu Bay and Hainan Island; but only nine along the long coastline from Shandong to Guangdong.
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The system needs to be changed in for the future. All of the reserves must be under the central government 's control , not instead of the local government's. But for short period, it term this is not that applicablefeasible. The temporary solution would be : setting to set up a team with members from all the departments in charge of marine reserves now. Its goal would be connecting all the departments to make the management more effective and practical.
2.) The overall objective of development objectives of marine nature reserve reserves should explicitly include conservation and development.
The The goal must be clear in the regulations and policies. Both the local people and the region's economic interests and the natural ecological protection should be taken into consideration.
(1a) As to China's rapid tourism development, the institute proposes to research to develop the marine nature reserves into eco-tourism spots and improve the development of tourism management capacity.
(2b) Utilizing the research within the reserves to help develop ecological ecologically-friendly aquaculture of surrounding communities.
3.) The sources of funding can be both government budget and private sources.
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