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It is also likely that climate change will have severe, direct effects on humans. Thermal expansion of seawater alone is expected to cause a rise of 0.09 to 0.37 m over the next century (IPCC, 2001). This modest sounding rise is enough to threaten many coastal cities, and in some cases entire island nations. It is also predicted that storms, such as monsoons and hurricanes, may increase in number and intensity as a result of global warming (IPCC, 2001). Global warming can affect land-based agriculture in certain areas by changing precipitation. Desertification is a major threat in areas such as the southwestern United States (IPCC 2001). Increased carbon dioxide levels will also alter the growth rates of crops and weeds. In certain environments, changes in the productivity of traditional agriculture could lead to a changes in fish demand.
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