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Fixed Wing:
- Smooth body separation** Drag
- Stability and control effectiveness
- Maximum lift during approach/landing
- Transonic and low speed buffet
- Boundary layer ingestion for tightly coupled airframe/engine installations
- Massive separation** Cavities
- Extreme maneuvers
- Blunt components
- Dynamic stall
- Laminar to turbulent boundary layer flow transition** Natural and hybrid laminar flow control
- Viscous wake interactions and boundary layer confluence** Multi-element, high-lift flows
- Corner flows** Wing/body, wing/pylon, and pylon/nacelle juncture flows
- Reattachment
- Icing** Ice development and accretion
- Performance impact
- Circulation and flow separation control** Active flow control
- Powered lift
- Jet exhaust** Engine noise
- Jet-flap interaction
- Sonic fatigue
- Airframe noise** High-lift
- Landing gear
- Vortical flows** Vortex generators/chines
- Wake hazard reduction and avoidance
- Wind tunnel to flight scaling** Reynolds number
- Model characteristics: surface, brackets, aeroelastics
Rotary Wing:
- Flow separation** Bluff bodies
- Hover download
- Dynamic stall
- Vortical flow in rotor wakes** Wake persistence for large numbers of revolutions
- Blade/vortex interactions
- Rotor structural dynamics/aerodynamics/controls interactions** Flexible/deformed rotor blade flows
- Vibratory loads
- Rotor wake/fuselage interactions
- Flow interaction with ground** Ground wash
- Brownout
- Rotor/Airframe interaction with ground plane
- Acoustic loading
- Non-harmonic flow/rotor control
- Multi-rotor interactions (coaxial, etc.)
- Laminar to turbulent boundary layer transition flow
- Circulation and flow separation control** Active flow control
- Icing** Ice accretion
- Ice shedding
- Performance impact
- Wind tunnel to flight scaling** Reynolds number
- Model characteristics
- High Speed (Supersonic)
- Shock/boundary layer interactions
- Shock/expansion-jet plume interactions
- Laminar to turbulent boundary layer flow transition
- Sonic boom** Shock wave coalescence
- Propagation through atmospheric turbulence and/or wind shear
- MDAO of low boom / low drag design / high efficiency, low distortion inlet design
- Airframe/nacelle shock/viscous interactions
- Slender wing vortex flows
- Aero-propulsive-servo-elastic interactions for slender configurations
- Engine/jet nose acoustics
- Shock-induced flow separation in inlets and nozzles (un-start)
- Store separation** Booster staging
- Weapon dropHigh Speed (Hypersonic)
- Aerodynamic heating
- Interaction with ablative materials
- Radiative heating
- Boundary layer transition
- Low density effects at high altitudes
- Strong shock/boundary-layer and shock/shock interactions
- Finite-rate gas chemistry (with a complete set of chemical reactions)
- Ionization, non-equilibrium, and plasma flows during reentry
- Subsonic and supersonic combustion in dual-mode scramjets (possibly with liquid fuel injection)
- Flow separation** Inlets and nozzles (un-start)
- Bluff bodies
- Jet interaction with freestream flow (augmentation factor)
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- Integrated propulsor/airframe flows
- Unsteady flows due to turbomachinery blade row interactions** Stage matching
- Wake mixing
- Compressor stability and rotating stall
- Secondary flows, including endwall and tip vortical structures
- Time-accurate coupled component interactions** Multi-row rotor-stator interactions
- Main gaspath/secondary gaspath interactions
- Combustor exhaust product/turbine interactions including hot streak migration
- Aerothermal cooling/mixing flows (e.g., film cooling)
- Rotational and curvature effects on flow turbulence for rotating turbomachinery
- Transitional flows over a wide range of Reynolds number, pressure gradient, and freestream turbulence
- Real gas thermodynamic models for high temperature flows with dissociation
- Reactive flows** Fuel spray modeling (two-phase flows, liquid fuel breakup, atomization, gaseous mixing)
- Multi-regime combustion models
- Emissions modeling
- Vitiated flows
- Combustion dynamics
- Near-field acoustic sources and propagation to the acoustic farfield
- Ice accretion
- Distributed (electric) propulsion