Scenario
Jane, a desk worker of 2 years at McCormick, is watching Twilight during her shift when Jillian, a resident, approaches her at desk to pick up a package. After unsuccessfully trying to find the package, Jane opens the Logbook on CollabDesk and writes an entry including a description of what has transpired.
When the next desk worker, Ben, arrives, he reads the new log entries on CollabDesk. He remembers seeing a package in an odd place behind desk, so he goes back and looks for it. After finding the missing package, he quickly finds the entry, responds to it, and marks it resolved.
Design Sketches
Patricia Saylor
| LogFeed |
| Logbook Metaphor |
| Non-Computer Interface |
Divya Bajekal
| Message Posting |
| Tiny Screen Interface |
| Design for Elderly Users |
Jonathan Lui
| This design is designed to provide users with the most information. The left side of the screen has a list of unassigned tasks and the right side of the screen is a list of users and their tasks. At the bottom left of the screen a user can enter a new task. when you click on a user, a new screen appears that shows tasks that are expiring today, upcoming tasks, and any notes that were previously written. |
| This design is one for the elderly. The bottom left of the screen displays directions for adding tasks, marking tasks complete, etc. The top right corner allows for new entries for tasks. At any moment all tasks are displayed either in the unassigned column or in the View Old column. |
| This design is very simple and has not been done. The left side simply shows tasks that are unfinished. The right side of the screen shows completed tasks. Whenever a user clicks the checkbox on an uncompleted task, it moves to the completed column. |
Benji Xie
| "Filing Metaphor": This design has categorization based on which users sent the message. The categorization or "filing" is externally consistent with tabbed browsing. All functionality appears on the same screen and creating a message brings up a box within this window so people cannot get lost in navigation. Pictures and names are associated with each message. |
| "Hey Kids!": This adorable design also categorizes according to which users sent the message, but has little click-able sprites with pictures on the heads. Clicking on a person will bring up the messages they wrote (this categorization may not be relevant, however). You can also read the messages from all users. Functionality including search is not included by could easily be. |
| "Old School": This computer-free design has a segmented whiteboard where different people post in different parts of the whiteboard. No notes are thrown away by student workers; instead, completed tasks are signed and dated by the worker that completed the task and removed it from the whiteboard and placed in a bin where they are reviewed and discarded by the desk captain. |
Storyboard Designs
Storyboard 1 - Task Oriented
| Tasking is not a specific part of our scenario, but when we brainstormed ideas we felt that it was a creative way to meet our user class' needs. When Jane signs in she is welcomed by a screen that displays all of the incomplete tasks that have been assigned to her. On the right portion of the screen is a list of other desk workers and the tasks that they’ve been assigned. The purpose of the task oriented design is to overcome the bystander effect. Our main goal is information sharing. It is a desk worker's responsibility to read the logbook during each shift but desk workers often forget to complete this task. Assigning a task to a person helps overcome this effect by giving a desk worker a sense of responsibility over a task. |
| When a Jane fails to find a resident’s package she can navigate to the bottom of the screen to add a new “Event”. She simply fills in the Title, Date, Assigned To, and Description. By default the assigned to is filled in with “ALL”. The "ALL" button will put the event into the general "ALL" tab. The "ALL" tab contains a history of the events. If Jane wants to assign the task to a specific desk worker she can simply type in the name and options will be pulled from the database. |
| Bob arrives at his shift and logs in to CollabDesk. He recalls seeing a package in an odd location during one of his earlier shifts so he goes to the backroom to search for it. He finds the package and selects the “ALL” tab on the left pane to see if a desk worker previously reported the event. He sees the event as the first item under the “ALL” view clicks it. A box pops up with a detailed description of the event and he clicks the “Check box” to mark it as resolved. If he had a question about any part of the event/task he could go back to his main screen and click on the mail icon next to the worker's name who assigned the task and ask him/her a question. |
Safety:
In this design notice that there is no way to edit an existing event. If a user submits the wrong data the user must manually delete the entry and rewrite a new one. There are also several small ‘x’ marks on each event. If a user accidentally clicks one of the “x” boxes there is no way to recover the lost event. Notice that on each event/task the check mark and the "x" are very close to each other, which presents an issue to the user. The user could accidentally check the "x" when he/she meant to click the "check mark". Likewise, the user could accidentally click the "checkmark" when he/she actually meant to click the "x".
Efficiency:
This design allows users to easily assign and manipulate tasks between users. For example, to assign a task to a user, one simply has to drag the event under that user’s name. To unassign the task, one simply drags the event from the user’s list of tasks back into the main “ALL” group. However, if someone desires to delete all tasks or resolve all tasks a user must manually delete or resolve each and every task. In the "title" section, as the user types a dropdown menu of the commonly used categories of desk worker tasks will appear. For example, if a user types "Mis", then "Missing" will be suggested to the user and the user can simply press tab to complete the title. This workers for several other desk worker tasks such as Missing Package, Missing Key, and Missing Vacuum Cleaner.
Learnability:
Several of the icons are consistent with other programs. For example, the envelope logo for sending e-mails is externally consistent with other programs. The “x” icon is a very well known icon for closing or deleting items. The “Add Event” box is also very self-explanatory. However, the dragging of tasks is non-intuitive until a user plays with the system for a long time. A user can drag a task from the main pane into the section under a user's name. This is a method that a user can use to assign the task to a specific portion. The user interface also supports "ctrl+f" which makes it easier for users to learn. "ctrl+f" is a standard functionality for browsers and several applications.
Storyboard 2 - Folder Metaphor
UPDATED (reflecting suggestions from Jeremy, Studio)
| The message can now be either a "Task" or a "Note." Tasks can be resolved; notes cannot be. The categories (tabs) reflect this. Also, a picture (supposed to be an unchecked box, note, and checked box) in the upper left hand corner of each message provides affordances towards what it is (unresolved message, note, resolved message).
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Original Storyboard
| Log In: Upon login, Jane sees her desktop screen. The tabbed browsing allows for Jane to review all OPEN messages, ALL messages, or RESOLVED messages, as well as HIGH PRIORITY messages if they exist (an icon would appear to signify that). She can search messages or create new messages. She can see all the functionality without scrolling or going to another page. |
| Write New Entries: After Jane cannot find Jillian’s package, Jane clicks CREATE NEW MESSAGE and an in-window dialogue box appears. Jane wills out the subject, decides this is not a “High Priority” message, and writes the message and clicks CREATE to add the note, which is now visible on the ALL and OPEN tabs. |
| Read Old Entries: Ben signs in the next day and notices the note from Jane. Later in the shift he discovers the missing package, gives himself a high-five, and sends Jillian an email saying that he found the package. Ben clicks the MARK COMPLETE button to signify that the task has been completed and the message is now resolved. |
| Search/Scrollling Through Old Entries: A search bar always exists in the same location (top right corner) and the tabs allow for users to go between different categories of messages |
Learnability
There is an emphasis on external consistencies and metaphors to promote learnability. The “filing” metaphor is familiar and has the external consistency of tabs (web browsers). The universal search bar is familiar and well-labeled with a “search” button and a magnifying glass for an added affordance to the functionality of the search bar. There is only one window so users cannot get lost with navigation, and all functionality is always shown.
Efficiency
Becoming an expert may not improve usability with this design, as the goal of this design is to have a very easily learned interface so student workers do not need a training course. Hot keys and perhaps simple customizability (changing tab order) could improve efficiency. Categorization and search with autocomplete will help efficiency.
Safety
Errors related to message posting/editing should be recoverable. Messages are “resolved,” never deleted. Marking a message as “resolved” can be undone by clicking on the checkbox (may need to improve affordance). There are no buttons placed next to each other to deter description slips (REPLY is a button, whereas “Mark Complete” is a checkbox). Autcomplete for searches and tagging should decrease errors.
Storyboard 3 - Streamlined Preview
| After Jane logs in, this is the main view. She quickly sees all of the log messages she hasn’t read yet in the “Unread” section at the top of the left pane. As she scrolls through messages with the up/down arrows, the selected message appears in the viewing area on the top right; once she reads a message, she marks it as read by pressing “Enter”, and it pops down to the bottom section that contains all of the log messages. |
| When Ben logs in, he reads his unread log messages and remembers he has seen an oddly placed package somewhere behind desk. He finishes reading all the new logs before looking for the package. |
Updates
To make this design more specific to desk workers' information and needs, we have added the below features.
- Stronger classification of messages: 1) a message can either be an 'issue' (meaning that it is something that needs to be resolved) or a 'note' (meaning there is nothing to be resolved); 2) a message may fall into any of the following categories: lost/found (lost phone), desk supplies (ran out of red paper), repairs (elevator broken), requests (many residents requesting fans during spring), miscellaneous.
- Integrated resident database. When creating a new message, you can include a link to a resident's information by using the '@' symbol preceding their name. This will also enable autocomplete on that name. For example, if Susan brought something to desk, the desk worker could type "@Sus" and it would suggest "Susan Sample"; using this suggestion turns her name into a link that, when clicked, will open a dialog window with more dorm-specific information about Susan, like her class year, her room number, and her telephone number.
- Autocomplete for message headings that will also fill in an appropriate skeleton for the message. For example, selecting "Missing Phone" will fill this in as the title and will fill in a skeleton message like "__ lost her phone on ___ and reported it today. It was last seen __. Phone description: ___".
- Priority on a low/medium/high scale indicated by a colored flag and corresponding text (to replace the priority stars).
Safety
To determine which messages the desk worker has read, instead of just basing it on whether they scrolled over it, we will instead mark it as read when the user presses "Enter" while the focus is on that log title in the left pane. This way, if a user accidentally over-scrolls, they don't lose track of the skipped messages. We anticipated potential issues if desk worker makes a typo in the log entry, or if she accidentally created an extra log entry. To handle this, we allow users to edit and delete only their own messages, so as to prevent malicious editing of other people's messages.
Efficiency
Create New Message is always available and is very streamlined because it is one of the most frequently used features. You don’t have to click to open a new page, you can just start typing right away in the text box. As well, a lot of the little details like the date, time, and author are filled in automatically but can be modified if necessary. The left pane has a lot of information scent with the titles and short excerpts of each message displayed, but one downside is that you can only see one full message at a time. This can help not overwhelm the user with too much information at a time. A potential slow step is having to press enter to mark a message as read, particularly if the user is behind on reading the logs; however, we estimated that since each user works desk at least once a week, they should have at most around 10-15 messages to read, and the time to read a message will probably overshadow the time to press enter. The autocomplete features will also improve efficiency when writing similar messages or writing about the same person.
Learnability
The design is reminiscent of an email client where you have your list of emails on the left and you can view only one of them at a time. However, it differs by having a designated Create New Message, but this is easily learnable because it's always available and always in the same spot. Icons are grounded in familiar paradigms, like a pencil for edit and a trashbin for delete, and other buttons and areas are clearly labelled. One thing we think might be less obvious is the affordance for changing the time and star ranking when creating a new message. The resident-tagging feature using an '@' sign might be harder to learn at first, so we will have to add some visibility to this feature; once a user sees it though, it should be easy to learn and remember because it is very similar to the facebook-tagging scheme that desk workers are used to.