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The mining and metallurgy faculty remained small from 1889 to 1916 and there were few changes in its membership (see Chart 2 or Appendix E for faculty members from 1888 to 1988). Ore dressing and production metallurgy continued to be the main fields of interest of the staff.
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The chapter entitled "Teaching" in Richards's autobiography shows that he placed great emphasis on observation and endeavored to "teach students to teach themselves." He continued to develop the laboratory instruction patterned after industrial processes that he had initiated in an earlier period (see Chapter 1). This type of laboratory could, with good reason, be said to have revolutionized the teaching of production metallurgy in the United States (Hutchinson, p. 420-421).
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Heinrich O. Hofman came to the Department for one year as a Lecturer in 1886. He returned in 1889 as an Assistant Professor and advanced to Associate Professor in 1891, and to full Professor in 1898. Hofman had studied at the University of Heidelberg from 1871 to 1873 and graduated from the Mining School in Claus thaI in 1877. He then acquired practical experience in Germany and in the United States; he also spent two years at the South Dakota School of Mines.
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Hofman's main interest was metallurgy, especially nonferrous production metallurgy. He devoted much of his energy to writing and revising a series of textbooks (see Appendix H). His approach featured the systematic aspects of metallurgy and he made more than the usual effort to keep abreast of relevant scientific developments, especially in chemistry. Although he was not interested in administrative work, he is reported to have done it well. It is not surprising that he was placed in charge of the Department of Mining Engineering and Metallurgy from 1915 to 1920 and of the option in metallurgy from 1920 to 1922. At the time of his retirement in 1922, he was understood to have plans for a further writing career for at least twenty years, but these plans were cut short by his death in 1924 (Locke, \ [1924J, p. 443).
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Henry Howe continued as lecturer until 1897, when he left the Institute. His research and writings at MIT and subsequently at Columbia University helped to make him one of the most distinguished metallurgists of his time (Dictionary of American Biography, "Henry Marion Howe").
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"It was in June, 1889, that I was first admitted to the society of educated men. The admission ticket had been signed, on the recommendation of my oId and beloved teacher, Bobby Richards, by General Francis A. Walker at the time President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, an institution familiarly known as MIT." Sauveur then described his pioneering work in metallography, which included research in the laboratories of two steel companies in Pennsylvania and Illinois. After returning to Boston, he continued his research and undertook the publication of the "Metallographist."- In the concluding section of "Metallurgical Reminiscences:' Sauveur wrote: "In 1899 I was invited to join the teaching staff of Harvard University and I have remained in that Institution until my retirement a year ago, i.e., for a period of thirty-Six years."
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MIT's Annual Catalogues list Sauveur as Lecturer in Metallography for the academic years beginning in 1898 and 1899 and 1904 and 1905. It is clear that these engagements were only part-time. The description of the course for 1904 and 1905 states that it consisted of six lectures and eight laboratories. As Locke commented, Sauveur was the first instructor of metallography at MIT (Locke, \ [1934\]). For the academic years 1914-18, the Catalogues list Sauveur as a Professor at MIT and describe four subjects taught by him, including a graduate course in Metallurgy and the Physics of Metals. Sauveur makes no mention in "Metallurgical Reminiscences" of his lecturing at MIT. However, he may be claimed by MIT not only as an alumnus, but also as a former member of its teaching staff.
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During the period 1914-18, certain faculty members of Harvard's Lawrence Scientific School were considered to be members of MIT's faculty on the basis of the pending, but subsequently annulled, alliance of the two institutions. In addition to Sauveur, Harvard faculty members who joined the Department of Mining Engineering and Metallurgy were Professors Edward D. Peters, Henry L. Smyth, and Charles H. White. In view of the current interest in the economics and other societal aspects of materials, it is noteworthy that Professor Peters offered in 1915-16 and 1916-17 a "graduate elective" on Economics of Metallurgical Plants.
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