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Report: http://www.ices.dk/reports/FTC/2005/SGUFM05.pdf

Fishing mortality (F) is defined by The Study Group on Unaccounted Mortality in Fisheries (ICES, 1995) as "'The sum of all fishing induced mortalities occurring directly as a result of catch or indirectly as a result of contact with or avoidance of the fishing gear'"

...

The most important of these are:
Fb, Fd, Fe, and Fg

Note: UFM == unaccounted fishing mortality

Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated fishing (IUU):

...

  • 1994 FAO estimates are 19.9 to 39.5 megatonnes of global catch were discarded (that about 30% of the total catch)
  • estimate downgraded to 20 megatonnes in 1998; then 7.3 megatonnes in 2005 (8% global catch) (recent estimates not comparable--different methods)
  • EU Data Collection Regulation (Commission Regulation) #1639/2001 has something to do with reporting discards
  • "Still difficult to determine the accuracy...in most discard estimations"
  • Calculating: direct (stand on the boat and count) or indirect:
    • estimation of small fish discards made by comparing length measurements from observers on the boat can be compared to length estimates on land
    • I'm not sure how that would work...they cite Palsson et al, 2002; Palsson 2003; sokolov 2003
    • results from studies about fishing gear selectivity
      • I assume that this means that you look at a net and say "wow, this will give a 10% catch that is < 10 inches" and then look at catch data and say "wow, there are only 8% of that size, the rest must have been thrown back."
    • analyze catch length frequencies, assume that all fish shorter than the limit are thrown back
    • interview fishermen
    • get data from fishermen

Escape Mortality

  • "Selective fishing gears...can be justified only if significant numbers of escaping fish survive"
  • studies indicate that mortality is species-specific
    • cod, haddock survive well
    • herring does not survive well
  • Team 2 should read PDF page 16

Ghost Fishing

  • New nets are not biodegradable--when they get loose they are permanent death machines
  • In deep water (>200m), ghost fishing can last for years (several year old nets are still active in Canada)
    • In shallow water the nets get fouled
      • I don't know what fouling really means

The group working on quotas should read starting on PDF page 18.