Page History

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Perruso, L. & Larkin, S. "A Dual Production Analysis of a Multispecies Fishery: The Case of the U.S. Atlantic Longline Fleet." http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st5/documents/A_dual_production_analysis_of_a_multispecies_fishery.pdf^{Image Removed}

Jenkins, G. & Lamech, R. (1994). Green Taxes and Incentive Policies. San Francisco, CA: ICS Press.

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discourages local sustainable fishermen
companies still more focused on the short term profits instead of long term consequences
quota is for one year, so if companies overfish, instead of stopping, they try to buy more quotas
companies tend to throw away unwanted fish
ITQs are used in New Zealand, Australia, Iceland, Canada and the U.S.

References

http://multinationalmonitor.org/hyper/issues/1995/04/mm0495_04.html^{Image Removed}
(second article)

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UN-based organizations
United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea
UNCLOS was held in December 1982. The full contents of the convention can be found here: http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_overview_convention.htm^{Image Removed}

One of its main accomplishments was the establishment of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ), a line 200 mile offshore that set the boundaries for waters open to a country's jurisdiction. An immediate result of this was a decline in the number of Distant Water Fleets (DWFs) because of the complexity involved in obtaining licenses to fish in another country's waters. Of the total amount of fish caught worldwide, the amount caught by DWFs has usually around 5 percent since 1993, as opposed to a rate of 15.5 percent in 1972.

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Regional Fishery Bodies
A list can be found here: http://www.fao.org/fi/body/rfb/chooserfb.htm^{Image Removed}

References

Yumiko Kura, Carmen Revenga, Eriko Hoshino, and Greg Mock. Fishing For Answers: Making Sense of the Global Fishing Crisis. Full text can be downloaded http://www.wri.org/biodiv/pubs_description.cfm?pid=3866^{Image Removed}

Parallel to Forests

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Goergen, M. (2007, Jul/Aug). Journal of Forestry www document (Vol. 105, Iss. 5). Proquest (visited 2007, November 8).

Raising Awareness Through Media

One possible method for raising public awareness of the issue of the world's fisheries is to follow the example of other promoters of global issues. One instance that comes to mind is that of Al Gore's film 'An Inconvenient Truth', a documentary designed to frighten the public out of it's apathy regarding climate change. Gore succeeded in executing a "multimedia plan for informing the public about the dangers of global warming" (Koeppel, 2007). What if Gore's tactic was applied to raising awareness about global fisheries?

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An inconvenient truth. (2007). Retrieved 11/9/2007, 2007, from http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=inconvenienttruth.htm^{Image Removed}

Koeppel, P. (2007). The marketing of an inconvenient truth. Ezine, 11/9/2007.

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United States of America's and Canada's fisheries are highly subsidized for many years. Most of the subsidies are generated by the government and monopoly. The main aim of their subsidies is to develop their domestic fisheries. Apart from that, they have also used approximately US$3,000,000,000 on income maintenance for unemployed fishermen and fish plant workers and improving fisheries science. In 1990s, when people start to realize the problem of overfishing, both countries started to subsidize to develop technologies to reduce capacity, new fishing vessels, to alleviate the over-fishing pressure.(Schrank, 2003)

Norway, one of the largest cod-catching countries, grants loans to their fishing industries to support the export of their fishing marketprotect its domestic fish production. They also grant loans to vessel arrangements, price support, insurance subsidies, operating subsidies, minimum income guarantees, vacation support and unemployment insurance, bait subsidies, gear subisidies and damage compensation) (Schrank, 2003)

Some are harmful; some may help to solve the problem of overfishing. In view of this, WTO agreed World Trade Organization advised on restricting subsidies designed to promote export and establish controls over other form of subsidies. However, Canada,Japan, and other countries with large fishery industry, endorses the "no-need approach" in which no restriction of subsidies should be imposed as they dispute the casual link between subsidies and overexploitation of fish resources. They propose fisheries management regimes deal with catch controls (quotas), effort controls (restrictions on boat size, engine power and days at sea, etc.) and right-based structures (permits, individual transferable quotas, etc.). Therefore, in Japan's view, it would be unfair if these varying situations are ignored and certain fisheries subsidies automatically prohibited. (Benitah, 2004)

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(2005). Fisheries. Retrieved November 9, 2007, from European Commission Web site: http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/management_resources/conservation_measures/fishing_effort_en.htm^{Image Removed}

This document includes evidence of the success of restrictions on the size of the fleet in Europe. It includes data such as the total catch by nation of nations including China, India, and European states. It also includes details about failures of the Common Fisheries Policy such as anger by fishermen thatthey were not included more in the decision process, supporting the need to work directly with those whom we are regulating. In response, the EC created Regional Advisory Councils which we have used as a model for our integration of fishermen into our plan.

(2004, June 14). Economy and Environment Program to Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 9, 2007, from International Development Research Center Web site: http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-61204-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html^{Image Removed}

This page includes a study in which although fishermen supported regulations and believe they were working in the southeastern region of Asia, the majority of those surveyed were actually not registered. This supports the need for education and active patrolling of the fleet (registered and not).

Colson, David A. (1995, January, 25). Current issues in international fishery conservation and management - David A. Colson, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs. from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1584/is_n7_v6/ai_16848376/pg_1^{Image Removed}

This page discusses an earlier attempt by the United States at fisheries management and High Seas Fisheries Licensing Act. It also includes evidence that every country must be involved because 90% of world catch occurs within EEZs. This bill was approved by the full House.

(2007, January). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 9, 2007, from The Federal Register Web site: http://www.thefederalregister.com/d.p/2007-03-05-E7-3776^{Image Removed}

This proposed legislation served as a sample template for our own proposal.

(2006, June). ICES Symposium. from Marine Institute Web site: http://www.ices06sfms.com/presentations/index.shtml^{Image Removed}

This page included a lot of research and presentations that highlighted many of our concerns about fisheries, including how to regulate them and proposed solutions. We worked on figuring out how to implement them and improve them.

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