We have succeeded in forming NaLi molecules from an ultracold mixture of Na and Li atoms. This is done by carefully sweeping a magnetic field around a Feshbach resonance, where the energy for a state of two free atoms becomes degenerate with the energy for the bound molecular state of the two atoms, but with different internal electronic and nuclear spins. A magnetic field can be used to tune the energy difference between these two states to zero because the different spin orientations lead to different magnetic moments of the two-atom system.
Usually, when the magnetic field is swept across a Feshbach resonance, the atom pair is adiabatically transferred to the molecular bound state because the two are coupled by the hyperfine interactions in the system. However, in the Na + Li system, such hyperfine-induced Feshbach resonances are at very high magnetic fields that are out of experimental range. Instead, we worked around a Feshbach resonance at 745G that is produced by weak dipole-dipole coupling between the atoms. This coupling term is orders of magnitude weaker than the hyperfine interaction, meaning that the requirements for successful adiabatic conversion of atom pairs to molecules become extraordinarily demanding. We are able to create no more than a few percent of our initial atomic mixture to Feshbach molecules only after implementing magnetic field stabilizing circuits by carefully characterizing our experimental system. and adiabatic sweep across the very narrow, ~mG wide range of the Feshbach resonance, and then immediately jump the field away from resonance again to isolate the molecules for imaging.
We are planning to transfer our initial mixture of atoms to loosely bound molecules via two photon process bridged by a carefully selected excited molecular state. This will allow freedom in internal states of mixture of Na and Li we start with in order to make NaLi molecules which is not the case if we do magnetic transfer via Feshbach resonance. We are hoping to simplify our experimental setup by choosing our initial states of Na and Li mixture to be magnetically trappable.
Schematic of the laser system for continuum to bound two photon transfer
| Molecular potentials and states of interest for creating NaLi molecules in their triplet ground state via four photon process
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