What is a turtle without its shell? or a bicycle without a rider? In Mission, our toughest challenge has been finding a solution to one of the world's greatest problems, the oceans. But what would that solution be without implementation? without a means to achieve it? To ensure that our solution reaches the highest pinnacles of government and society, we have developed an international forum for discussion, regulation, and innovation in the realm marine ecosystem and fisheries protection. Currently, the UN Division of Ocean Affairs and Law of the Sea governs codifies conventional international law. It is our vision to restructure this body in an effort to make it more effective and comprehensive, while retaining elements that encompass our own solution.
Elements to keep:
- regulations concerning the natural resources of the oceans
- natural gas, oil, and minerals 200 miles out from the coast belong to that country
- freedom to travel the seas
- arctic sea passage
International Body
- take over and restructure the existing Division of Ocean Affairs and Law of the Sea under the UN
- need to read the current Law of the Sea to determine how much we should change
- strong objections to the current LOS because of sovereignty issues
- the charter of the body will include the majority of our solutions
- solutions that are difficult to implement on an international level will be dealt with by establishing review committees made up of member states and scientists that can evaluate the degree to with these suggestions can be implemented in individual nations
- establish a scientific and economic board/committee within body to make recommendations for new legislation and to advise countries on how to implement the charter of the body within their specific state
- try to work closely with the regional organizations (like the Forum Fisheries Agency of the South Pacific) that already exist to maximize efficiency and implementation
- what are the incentives for a country to enter?
- once several large players enter the body/accept the charter, it will economically beneficial to join, since member states only trade fish with states that fish sustainably, and do not allow companies to register with them that fish under the flags of countries who haven't signed
- other incentives to get those initial countries to join?
- education!!! this benefits everyone
- improves public image
- some believe that if we get the US on board, we can get others to follow suit, so focus on US
- enforcement--two levels
- enforce signatory states to keep to the charter
- economic incentives/sanctions
- GPS tracking devices?
- enforcement by signatory states within their own country
- leave means of enforcement up to countries, but provide them with necessary commissions to receive advice on how to implement and phase in these changes
- enforce signatory states to keep to the charter
- finances/funding
- money is funneled into the Division of Ocean Affairs as part of the UN budget
- there were other ideas for how to get funding--any help on this one guys?
- individual countries can use the fish taxes to support their own programs
- save a fish program?
- this was presented as possibly and NGO that could work with (but separate from) the international body
- Fair Trade fish... this needs to be explored in the context of an international body
One of the primary issues with establishing an international regulatory board or commission is gaining enough countries to acknowledge and commit to make the decisions of the body effective. One of the primary goals of the Mission 2011 team has been developing creative incentives to encourage maximal international support. Yet we are also prepared to acknowledge that full compliance is unrealistic and most unlikely. Skeptics may claim that without support of a few key states, such as the United States, Japan, or China, the organization would fail, as the International Court of Justice has. There is evidence, however, to suggest that if public awareness and education campaigns are successful, that we could effectively achieve the aims of the organization without the support of a given nation. After the U.S. government rejected the Kyoto Protocol, considered by many to be a "death warrant"(Borger, 2001), the individual states and cities in America responded with force: nine Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states are currently leading the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, which is developing a cap-and-trade program for greenhouse gas emissions that they hope other states will join (RGGI, About RGGI); California recently passed the Global Warming Solutions Act in 2006, which will require major industries to cut emissions 25% by 2020 (Doerr, 2006); and the mayor of Seattle, Greg Nickels, has made "climate change a cornerstone of his administration," reducing Seattle's emissions 8% below 1990 levels (Cornwall, 2007). Nickels also hosted a global-warming conference of U.S. mayors in mid-October and has succeeded in getting more than 650 mayors from across the states to take the pledge to reduce emissions (Cornwall, 2007). Clearly, political support on the national level is not the deciding factor in an initiative's efficacy. We hope to acheive the same public fervor and rally of support as yet one more means to our end: saving the oceans.
Other considerations include land-locked nations and the polar regions. Under the Law of the Sea Treaty, "land-locked States have the right of access to and from the sea and enjoy freedom of transit through the territory of transit States and... have the right to participate on an equitable basis in exploitation of an appropriate part of the surplus of the living resources of the EEZ's of coastal States of the same region or sub-region." This would not change under our proposed treaty.
Works Cited
Borger, J. (2001, March 29). Bush Kills Global Warming Treaty. The Guardian Unlimited: http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2001/mar/29/globalwarming.usnews.
Cornwall, W. (2007, October 29). Seattle Meets Kyoto Global-Warming Targets. The Seattle Times: http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003982047_webkyoto29m.html.
Doerr, J. (2006, September 3). California's Global-Warming Solution. Time Magazine: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1531324,00.html.
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative: An Initiative of the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States of the U.S. Retrieved November 16, 2007, from web site: http://www.rggi.org/index.htm.