Description: 

In this experiment, we are aiming to test whether or not our receptor proteins localize to the cell membrane. To do that, we will have HEK293 cells express LilrB2 and PirB. We will test for membrane localization of the receptors through immunofluorescence. We will use primary antibodies that will bind to LilrB2 and and PirB and secondary antibodies conjugated to fluorophores that will bind to the primary antibodies. 

Results:

LilrB2

Microscopy Permeabilized Non-permeabilized Non-permeabilized stained control     Cytometry Tube 2 Tube 3 Tube 4 Tube 5     Tube 8 Tube 9 Tube 10 Tube 11 Overlay of 4 and 5: hef1a:mKate + dummy   hef1a:mKate + hef1a:LilrB2     + =

Well 1 HEK293 (Unstained) Well 2 HEK293 (Stained) Well 3 HEK293 hEF1a:eYFP 500ng hEF1a:LilrB2 500ng (Stained) Well 4 HEK293 (Unstained) Well 5 HEK293 (Stained) Well 6 HEK293 hEF1a:eYFP 500ng hEF1a:LilrB2 500ng (Stained)         Untransfected Transfected

PirB

Microscopy Control Permeabilized Non-permeabilized LilrB2 Paper Cytometry SSC-A vs FSC-A FSC-H vs FSC-W SSC-H vs SSC-W Yellow vs Red Tube 1 Tube 2 Tube 3 Tube 4 Tube 5 Tube 6 Tube 7 Tube 8

Well 4 - mKate bleeds into the yellow channel.. a lot. Red channel Yellow channel Overlay     Negative Control PirB-YFP only (no transfection marker)

Analysis: 

Cytometry..

LilrB2 and PirB Trial 1: The plots for the mkate only and mkate + receptor cell populations are very similar. This is most probably due to the bleed through of the red channel into the yellow channel (the 'sensitivity' of the PMTs for the yellow channel was increased because the yellow fluorophore was not very bright).

Next steps:

• We are going to transfect the receptors without using a transfection marker (Trial 2).

Microscopy..

   Immunostaining 

LilrB2 and PirB Trial 1: For both the receptors, there doesn't seem to be any clear localization of the receptors to the membrane. From the punctate appearance of the cells under the confocal, they seem to be significant localization of the receptors in some subcellular cytoplasmic structure. They may be making it to the membrane; however we are unable to discern that just from the images. Interestingly, this cytoplasmic localization seems to be apparent in the non-permeabilized cells which may mean that the fixing protocol is causing some kind of permeabilization in the cells. It may be of significance to note that in the LilrB2 paper (the one we are trying to replicate), they expressed the receptors under CMV (not hEF1a). Depending on the relative strengths of the promoters, the differing levels of expression (probably higher expression through hEF1a) might be causing the staining pattern that we are seeing.

   YFP fusion 

Evidence is not super convincing that the yellow that we are seeing is not just autofluorescence given that we see something very similar in our negative control. It is likely that PirB is not getting expressed at all, or that the fusion is disturbing it's structure somehow making it not localize to the membrane (the happier scenario). mKate bleedthrough into the yellow channel was an issue. Ideally, we would make an eBFP fusion but considering how hard it was to make the fusions in the first place, that isn't really a feasible solution, we can possibly look into using an IR protein as a transfection marker (Trial 4). Also, it is probably a good idea to DAPI counterstain next time. Zstacks with nuclear staining will help in determining membrane localization (or lack thereof).

Next steps:

• Is the receptor even getting expressed? Maybe if we transfect TRE:receptor-YFP and run a dox ladder, we can conclude on whether or not there is expression based on whether or not there are varying levels of yellow corresponding to the dox ladder.
• Run PirB Trial 3 again but with an IR fluorescent transfection marker to try and eliminate bleedthrough (Trial 4)