Coastal Zone and Population information

I did some research on the definition and significance of coastal zones and the population dynamics in coastal fisheries. I think the following information will help us in creating a plan for effective management of coastal fisheries. 

1. Coastal Zone 

1.1  What is a Coastal Zone:

-         Terms such as continental shelf and continental margin have been used to describe a coastal zone

-         The continental shelf is the area extending from the coast to the shelf break, which is usually defined by the 200 meter depth isobath

-         The coastal zone usually includes the coastal ocean as well as the portion of the land adjacent to the coast that influences coastal water

-         The main ecosystems in coastal zones are estuaries, macrophyte-dominated, coral reefs, salt-marshes, and mangroves  

1.2  Why is it Important?

-         About 40% of the world's population lives within 100 km of the coastline (the proportion is increasing)

-         It accounts for at least 15% of oceanic primary production; 80% of organic matter burial; 90% of sedimentary mineralization; and 50% of the deposition of calcium carbonate

-         It also represents 90% of the world fish catch and its overall economic value has been recently estimated as at least 40 % of the value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital

-         It exhibits a great diversity of producers 

Citation:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre and Stephen V. Smith (Lead Authors); J. Emmett Duffy (Topic Editor). 2007. "Coastal zone." In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington,D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published March 7, 2007; Last revised March 20, 2007; Retrieved October 12, 2007]. <http://www.eoearth.org/article/Coastal_zone> 

 
 2. Population dynamics

- For effective management of coastal fisheries: local spawning and nursery grounds need to be identified

- In exploited areas: Pass restrictions on release of sewage from households and chemical pollutants from boats, harbors, factories, etc.  

Citation:
 

Knutsen, H., Jorde, P. E., Andre, C., & Stenseth, N. C. (2003). Fine-scaled geographical population structuring in a highly mobile marine species: The atlantic cod. Molecular ecology, 12(2), 385-394.   

2.1 Population Parameters:

-         Keep in mind of parameters such as stock biomass, predator consumption, fish mortality and fecundity, and human consumption when devising regulations for management of coastal fisheries 

Citation:  

Oguz, Temel. (2007).  Nonlinear response of Black Sea pelagic fish stocks to over-exploitation. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 345:211-228.

2.2 Types of Population Models:

-     Freshwater and marine species could be described in terms of three general strategists

2.21: Opportunistic Strategist- Early maturation, frequent reproduction over an extended spawning season, rapid larval growth and high adult mortality

- Ex: Anchovies, silversides, and killifishes

2.22: Equilibrium Strategist: Intermediate sized fish that inhabit relatively stable environments, produce small numbers of large eggs, and provide high parental investment in their young

- Ex: Tropical cichlids, sculpins, many gobies and some salmonids

2.23: Period Life-history Strategist: Fishes that delay maturation to attain a size sufficient for production of a large clutch and to improve adult survival during periods of suboptimal environmental conditions

Ex: Red snapper, striped bass, and American shd

Citation:  Rose, K. A., Cowan, J. H., Winemiller, K. O., Myers, R. A., & Hilborn, R. (2001). Compensatory density dependence in fish populations: Importance, controversy, understanding and prognosis. Fish and Fisheries, 2(4), 293-327.