About ISR

  • Evans, J. V. (1969), Theory and practice of ionosphere study by Thompson scatter radar, Proc. IEEE, 57, 496-530. PDF file

Science Pages about Annual Ionospheric Variations

  • Balan, N., Y. Otsuka, S. Fukao, and G. J. Bailey (1998), Equinoctial asymmetries in the ionosphere and thermosphere observed by the MU radar, J. Geophys. Res., 9481-9486. http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1998/97JA03137.shtml

  • Kawamura, S., N. Balan, Y. Otsuka, and S. Fukao (2002), Annual and semiannual variations of the midlatitude ionosphere under low solar activity, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JA000267. http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2002/2001JA000267.shtml

  • Millward, G. H., H. Rishbeth, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, A. D. Aylward, S. Quegan, and R. J. Moffett (1996), Ionospheric F2 layer seasonal and semiannual variations, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 5149-5156. http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1996/95JA03343.shtml

  • Rishbeth, H. (1998), How the thermospheric circulation affects the ionospheric F2-layer, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 60, 1385-1402. (Most important paper!!!) Link to the Paper

  • Zhang, S.-R. and J. M. Holt (2007), Ionospheric Climatology and Variability from Long-term and Multiple Incoherent Scatter Radar Observations: Climatology in Eastern American Sector, J. Geophys. Res., 12, A06328, doi:10.1029/2006JA012206. http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2007/2006JA012206.shtml

  • Zhang, S.-R., J. M. Holt, A. P. van Eyken, M. McCready, C. Amory-Mazaudier, S. Fukao, and M. Sulzer, Ionospheric local model and climatology from long-term databases of multiple incoherent scatter radars, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L20102, doi:10.1029/2005GL023603. http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2005/2005GL023603.shtml

Other Relevant Papers

  • Holt, J. M., S.-R. Zhang, and M. J. Buonsanto (2002), Regional and local ionospheric models based on Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1207, doi:10.1029/2002GL014678. http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2002/2002GL014678.shtml

  • Zhang, S.-R., J. M. Holt, A. M. Zalucha, and C. Amory-Mazaudier, Mid-latitude ionospheric plasma temperature climatology and empirical model based on Saint Santin incoherent scatter radar data from 1966-1987, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A11311, doi:10.1029/2004JA010709, 2004. http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2004/2004JA010709.shtml

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