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On Earth, this Coriolis-forced wind movement results in the phenomenon known as the trade winds. Above about the 30th parallel, the conservation of momentum causes a breakdown in the regime of the Hadley cell, and air sinks. We may It is possible to observe this in practice by examining first studying the potential temperature, θ, averaged over all longitudes.
This plot, which depicts the average potential temperature in the atmosphere in January demonstrates the warmer temperature observed near the equator, and colder temperatures observed near the poles. The center of the warmer temperatures appears to the south of the equator, due to the southern position of the sun in January. Likewise, cooler temperatures are observed over the North Pole rather than the South Pole. What is particularly notable about this plot is that the potential temperature is actually cooler in the stratosphere over the tropics than it is over the poles, indicating that the higher altitudes are warmed over the poles, where the lower altitudes are warmed near the surface. The warm temperature over the tropics translates to rising motion, which may be determined from the average value of ω, the vertical movement at of the air, as averaged over all longitudes.
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