Paper Prototype Design
Photos
Reading |
Tagging |
Filtering |
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These photos were taken after we made the improvements described in the Iterations section.
Briefing
Hubbub is a mobile application for managing incoming information from Twitter, Facebook, e-mail, and so on, and reading what's important to you as efficiently as possible.
Tasks
Index Card |
Description |
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This was our first task. There are two index cards because we updated the task part-way through our paper prototyping. This task is meant to prompt the user to explore our reading interface so we can see how easy/intuitive it is to read information. |
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This was sometimes our second task (the order varied because it didn't matter too much). This is a form of organizing/saving information (our third high-level task in GR1) that we wanted to test. We learned later on in our paper prototype testing that the behavior of this feature confused some users. It is not consistent with how users prepare items for reading later in emails/twitter/etc, and it was unclear what was supposed to happen when the users hit the "read later" button (some expected the item go away, etc). |
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This was our second/third task. It is also a form of organizing/saving information like the previous task. Our paper prototyping users told us that the tag menu/general functionality was more straightforward than the "read later" functionality. |
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This was our final task, testing our implementation of the filter screen (second high-level task from GR1). It was our most complex task, and evolved more than any other part of our paper prototype. |
Analysis
Observations
Reading
- The "Read something interesting" task, initially confused some users. some users didn't realize the first task was asking them to try to scroll down or expand items. Changing the description to "Find something interesting to read" resolved this.
- Some users did not realize that the page was meant to be scrollable. We tried to afford scrolling by displaying a partial line of content at the bottom edge of the paper, but some users didn't recognize the mobile app functionality we were trying to describe.
- Originally, we didn't display a "Shrink" button on expandable content, and users tried to touch outside the content to get back. Users noticed the "Expand" button and successfully clicked on it to expand items to see the full version. However, in some of the original tests we didn't draw a shrink button and users tried clicking outside expanded items to get back, similar to how you close a photo on Facebook. Some users did this even after we started showing the "Shrink" button - we could consider making clicking outside of an expanded item shrink it, though this could be another issue that comes up with a paper prototype.
- A couple of users hit the "Share" button, which took them to the canonical URL of the item (its imgur page, the e-mail in the Gmail interface, the post on Facebook, etc). Ideally, we could choose a reasonable default mode of sharing so that the user wouldn't have to take further action. There is always the possibility that the user wants to share between services or out-of-band, though.
- Some users thought the interface was busy, and they suggested hiding buttons. When the interface is on a real screen we can better determine whether the blow to learnability makes sense.
- For the most part, users did not encounter significant roadblocks. Users were familiar with interfaces that present a list of items to read, so use of our reading interface was generally straightforward.
Saving/Organizing
- One user suggested that hitting "Read Later" on an email should mark it as unread. We have two mechanisms to save content for later. The first is to hit a "Read Later" button that causes items to show up again in a later session. The second is a set of tags that users can apply to items, and later search for, similar to Gmail. One user mentioned that she would save emails often since she doesn't want to reply to them on the phone, and recommended making items unread when they are set to read later, which would be desirable to users who use both Hubbub and their email clients to read emails.
- Seeing "Saved" after hitting "read later" didn't fit users' mental models. When the users hit "Read Later" we changed that button's caption to "Saved". Some users thought that "saved" didn't make sense (emails are already "saved"), and suggested removing the item from the list. We might go a step further and make the gesture for reading later be swiping the item off the screen, similar to dismissing notifications on Android.
- Tagging went smoothly for most users. They realized that they should check the tags they want and then hit "Save" to save or "Cancel" to abort.
- One user did not realize that they had to press the "New Tag" button to save a new tag. We didn't ask users to create new tags, but they did recognize that there was a textbox at the top and one user created a tag anyway. That user didn't realize the "New Tag" button needed to be hit in order for their tag to be created.
- It wasn't clear how to rename a tag. One user noted this during testing. We realized then that it is in fact, impossible to rename a tag with the current interface. This is something we may need to fix.
Filtering
- Several users took more time on the filtering task than they did on the other tasks, partly because the task itself is more complex.
- Most users took longer than we expected to find the "Filter" tab. The filtering interface went through the most changes in the iteration step. In the initial design, users accessed the filtering interface by switching tabs at the top, but most users had trouble finding the tab in the first place. When we replaced it with a button, users learned the interface much more quickly.
- Our "Advanced Filter" options button looked more like a header than a button. Some users didn't immediately understand what the advanced filter options referred to. On paper the "Advanced Filter" text surrounded by what were supposed to be disclosure arrows looked more like a header than a button. Since our task required using an advanced filtering option, users were slow to complete it. One user who couldn't find the "has a hyperlink" advanced option added "http" as a keyword search instead, which was creative and may have been as effective.
- Some users wanted to preview the results of their filter, showing filter options alongside the items in the reading interface.
- Initially, users were unsure how to apply or save their filter. After we made the buttons more prominent in the updated prototype, users figured it out quickly.
Design Iteration
We performed half of our paper prototype tests before making any considerable changes to the interface. Our major iteration included the following changes:
- Switched from a tab metaphor to a popup for changing the current filter. Users now applied the filter by pressing "Execute" instead of switching back to the "Read" tab
- Modified the first index card to “find something interesting to read”, rather than “read something interesting”
- Changed the description of the button that reveals more options in the filter from “advanced options” to “more options”
- Added “shrink” buttons to expanded content that was accidentally missing them
We noticed these changes had the following general effects on our subsequent users:
- Users more quickly and confidently navigated through our filtering task
- Users were somewhat less confused about how to access the hidden filter options in the filter menu
- Users interacted more with the reading interface (the first task was clearer)